UNIT 3 READING 4 - “Friendship and Cooperation in the Animal Kingdom”


“Friendship and Cooperation in the Animal Kingdom”

      This passage begins by telling about symbiosis. This is how different kinds of animals depend on each other for survival. For example, crocodiles let small birds called plovers clean their teeth. The crocodiles’ teeth get cleaned and the plovers get an easy meal. It is a symbiotic relationship because the animals benefit from each other. Occasionally, animals simply enjoy being with each other and become friends. This happened with a baby hippo named Owen and an old tortoise named Mzee. Owen got separated from his mother and was taken to an animal shelter. As soon as he arrived there, he hid behind Mzee. Soon the two became very good friends and refused to be separated.









Key Words

• arrangement: things in a particular order or position• cooperate: to work together to get something done• damage: do harm to something• gigantic: extremely large• intruder: someone who comes without welcome• tsunami: a very large ocean wave caused by an underwater earthquake



Academic Words
  • attitude = the opinions and feelings that you usually have about someone or something 
  • comment = a stated opinion made about someone or something 
  • concept = an idea of how something is or how something should be done 
  • rely on = trust or depend on someone or something


Highlighted  Words

  • “dog-eat-dog,” very competitive
  • coral reef, line of hard rocks formed by the skeletons of small ocean creatures that live in warm water 
  • tickle, touch a person or animal lightly, often in order to make him or her laugh



Prepositions of Location

     A preposition is a word that shows location or time.
Using the correct preposition in your persuasive writing helps you be specific when giving information.
Here are some common prepositions of location: above, 
across,
behind, 
below, 
beside, 
between, 
in, 
near, 
on, 
outside, 
and under.
















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